Look into a Psychotic mind

Not for the faint hearted. As a child I'd always been curious. Starting when I was six, I would spend hours doing my â€Å"experiments† It began with frogs and worms but soon I went on to bigger animals, mammals. The family cat, a little boys puppy, the school gerbils. The police never knew who took them although they did find the bodies†¦ When I was done with them. I'm twenty six now and quite the normal city girl if you don't count my experiments. I work for Poise magazine as a photographer and part time interviewer but my passion still lies in the biology of a body.Did you know humans can continue to live after the removal of the stomach, spleen, 75% of the liver, 80% of the intestines, one kidney, one lung, and virtually every organ from the pelvic and groin area. You might not feel too great, but the missing organs wouldn't kill you. I wonder who was lucky enough to do this experiment, I'd love to be them. The surgeon or scientist†¦ Not the subject missing his o rgans. This is what inspired my latest question and led to the idea for my new â€Å"experiment† I picked up my subject outside a local club.It's quiet skinny but still a healthy looking packmen, the shaggy brown hair is really what pulled me to it. Eve always loved light brown hair for some reason. Anyway, my specimen spent the morning in my car trunk while I was at work, I made sure he was knocked out properly. I don't need my co-workers hearing noises from my car and investigating†¦ I'd probably lose my Job. Who am I kidding? My Job would be toast. I drove up to my old family house in the country, having taken the week off I had time to come out here.No one knows about the old house and it was so far away from anything you could scream your head off without anyone showing up. Perfect for hat I needed. I dragged the still unconscious specimen into the large garage, his chloroform nap would be the last peace he had so he may as well enjoy it. I'm a relatively small woma n so dragging him to the garage wasn't the easiest thing to do. Why the heck didn't I park closer? I sighed to myself. Break time is over and I need to get back to work. I walked across the dusty floor and stared at the tools lining my wall.I looked at each one and grinned at the damage they could each do. Hammers for smashing, saws for sawing, pliers for pulling, knives for slicing and blowtorches for†¦ Well you get the point. The collection was large and helped quell my curiosity. I grabbed a length of thick rope from one of the hooks and walked back to where my specimen lay. My shoes made clanking noises against the floor but there was no reason to be quiet†¦ So I wasn't. Spotting a sturdy beam above me, I tossed the rope over it and watched as thick braided cord fell far enough down so I could reach it if I Jumped.You'd think I'd done this before. After I made sure I could reach both ends of the rope I turned to my subject. He looked so peaceful, I don't think he remem bered his abduction or understood what was to come. My first human specimen was a cutie, I had to admit. It's almost a shame, almost. I pulled his unconscious body into place and wound the rope around his ankles after removing the man's boots. I made sure my knots were tight and would not slip undone as that would ruin the experiment.Grabbing the other end of dangling rope I pulled it over my shoulder and began to walk towards the pillar near the edge of my garage where I could tie off the rope, leaving my specimen hanging from the rafters like meat in a butcher shop. While waiting for my subject to awake I decided to record my progress in the book I pet with me at all times. It was filled with notes on all my experiments, granted they were all animal experiments. Subject: â€Å"Humans† Experiment: Skin Skin is a thin layer of tissue acting as a perimeter around the internal body keeping unwanted germs out.It is also the largest organ in the body and arguably the most importa nt. How important? After skinning subject â€Å"Humans† I hope to answer that question. Hypothesis: Without the outer layer the body should succumb to bacteria, viruses and disease. I am anticipating that dehydration will be my biggest obstacle. I heard a groan come from behind me and suppressed a grin. He's awake! I dropped the knives I'd brought with me behind him noisily. The man was now flailing around uselessly. The grogginess from being knocked out prevented him from succeeding, it was actually quite humorous!When he finally gave up, I walked behind him and gave his hair a playful tug, pulling his head back slightly. â€Å"What!? Wait-Who are you? Where am I!? † He yelled in fury. The anger was to be expected. He flailed some more until he faced me and tried to grasp at the edge of my Jeans. I stood Just out of his reach, these are designer Jeans! â€Å"Why? † I finally repeated back at him. Sees you crazy bitchy! Why am I here!? † He screamed. †Å"Because I have a question, no need for vulgar language. † I added sweetly. â€Å"Huh? Fine. What's the question? † He huffed. â€Å"Do you remember how you got here? Not my actual question but still needs to be answered. â€Å"l- l†¦ No. † He looked thoughtful and I smiled, Just what I wanted to hear. I slipped my hand into my pocket and withdrew the needle filled with liquid chloroform, enjoying the look of horror on his face. Before he could yell or thrash around I slipped it into his neck, further than necessary and he yelped in pain. The Heimlich soon entered his blood and the struggling stopped. Carefully I made the first incision in his back with a fillet knife, being careful not to go too deep as I ran the blade down his back.I pulled up the skin and slid my knife between the skin and his back watching as the external organ was removed from his back. I did my task in silence working my way up his shoulders and arms. I wasn't concerned with the smal l amounts of skin under the bindings as it would be rubbed raw by the friction of his movements and there was no time to work on such tediousness. Next I worked on my subject's chest and torso. By the time the crimson map of internal workings was shown on his top half, or bottom since he is upside down. A decent sized puddle of blood had collected on the stone floor.The thick red liquid ran down his still unharmed neck and landed with a trickling plop on the ground. The neck proved an easy part. The fingers and toes gave me some difficulty as the skin between the digits was at an awkward angle and hard to reach with in the small spaces, I succeeded in the end. Skinning his â€Å"manhood† was excruciatingly tedious. The skin covering the gender based organ was already so thin, it was nearly impossible to get rid of. I'm thankful the member is so small or I may have lost my patience and chopped the damned thing off completely.I gave my subject a shot of kill, a chemical compoun d used to help blood clotting and thicken the blood. I want to see how long my subject will survive without skin and blood loss cannot be a factor! His neck and head was all that was left. As I passed over his features carefully, I ruined one of the eyes by accidental cutting an eyelid off. Careless but not a huge mistake, I hope. I finished off removing the rest of the skin from his head. He isn't cute anymore, that's for sure. There, perfect. I thought as I stood back to admire the exposed muscles and tendons.The blue of his veins reminded me of a road map, twisting and turning throughout his rosy red form. Fresh blood oozed from his body but not to an extent that would cause the subject's demise, thanks to the kill . I placed a large mirror in front of him so when he awoke he'd see himself. I want him to appreciate the time I put into his death. When my subject awoke there was much swearing so I left him alone for a day to calm down and accept his fate. Its day 2 of the skinless man and time to feed him. I can't let starvation or dehydration influence my answer. His death has to be due to loss of skin.He didn't speak while I fed him, no swearing or begging. I found it unusual but I think he must be feeling some despair. I'd noticed his drying form and the way most of his body had scabbed over, leaving it looking rough and deformed. I suppose that all I can do now is wait Day 5. Five and make sure he has enough water. Day 3. The subject is growing weaker, diseases starting to take over his skinless form. Some disconsolation can be seen in his tissue as well as a mixture of sores that seep a yellowish puss. The eyelid that I accidental cut off has now dried out, it now rerouted from his face slightly.His body is also admitting a sour smell. Like a mixture of dried urine and rotting flesh. The dour attracts all sorts of flies, gnats and mosquitoes. Both feeding on his decaying tissue and laying eggs in the warm gore. I watch in fascination as his flesh seems t o crawl and wiggle with the bugs devouring him slowly. It's exciting, I did not for see this in my experiment. Day 4. The eye without its lid popped at some point last night, its insides became a comfortable bed for flies. Putrid, dark greenish purple glop dried in a strip down his face. Disgusting. â€Å"Why don't you Just kill me? The man asked weakly. L am killing you silly! It's Just taking a while longer than expected. † I smiled at how naive he is. â€Å"Why? † He wept. â€Å"l told you, I'm curious. † Then I thought of something, â€Å"What's your name? † â€Å"Connors, My name is Connors. You? † Him should I tell him my name? â€Å"I'm Reggae. † After that I left him hanging. Literally. He's still strung up from the roof, I'm surprised he hasn't complained off head-AC. Days, I thought as I stood in front of his lifeless body. His muscles and tissues were one giant, inflamed red scab with large areas of purple, blue and even yellow du e to extreme infection.

Multinational Corporation (Mnc) or Multinational Enterprise (Mne)

A  multinational corporation  (MNC) or  multinational enterprise  (MNE)[1]  is a  corporation  enterprise that manages  production  or deliversservices  in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an  international corporation. The  International Labour Organization  (ILO) has defined[citation needed]  an MNC as a corporation that has its management headquarters in one country, known as the  home country, and operates in several other countries, known as  host countries. Some multinational corporations are very big, with budgets that exceed some nations'  gross domestic products  (GDPs). Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in local economies, and even the  world economy, and play an important role in  international relations  and  globalization. Apple Inc. formerly  Apple Computer, Inc. is an American  multinational corporation  that designs and sells  consumer electronics,  computer software, and  personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products are the  Macintosh  line of computers, the  iPod, the  iPhone  and the  iPad. Its software includes the  Mac OS X  operating system; the  iTunes  media browser; the  iLife  suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWork  suite of productivity software;  Aperture, a professional photography package;  Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products;  Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; the  Safari  web browser; and  iOS, a mobile operating system. As of July 2011, Apple has 357  retail stores  in ten countries, and an  online store. It has been the  largest publicly traded company in the world by market capitalization,[7][8]  swapping spots with  ExxonMobil, and the largest technology company in the world by revenue and profit. [9]  As of September 24, 2011, the company had 60,400 permanent full-time employees and 2,900 temporary full-time employees worldwide; its worldwide annual sales totalled $65. 23 billion, growing to $108. 249 billion in 2011. Fortune  magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2011. 10][11][12][13]  However, the company has received  widespread criticism  for its contractors' labor, and for its environmental and business practices. [14][15] Established on April 1, 1976 in  Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977,[16]  the company was named Apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years. The word â€Å"Computer† was removed from its name on January 9, 2007,[17]  as its traditional focus on personal computers shifted towards  consumer electronics. [18] 1976–1980: The early years Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by  Steve Jobs,  Steve Wozniak, and  Ronald Wayne,[1]  to sell the  Apple I  personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak[19][20]  and first shown to the public at the  Homebrew Computer Club. [21]  The Apple I was sold as a  motherboard  (with  CPU,RAM, and basic textual-video chips)—less than what is today considered a complete personal computer. [22]  The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666. 66 Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977[16]  without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800. Multi-millionaire  Mike Markkula  provided essential business expertise and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple. [ By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The company introduced the ill-fated  Apple III  in May 1980 in an attempt to compete with  IBM  and  Microsoft  in the business and corporate computing market. [35] Jobs and several Apple employees including  Jef Raskin  visited  Xerox PARC  in December 1979 to see the  Xerox Alto. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 split-adjusted shares) of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share. [36]  Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface (GUI), and development of a GUI began for the  Apple Lisa. [37] When Apple went public, it generated more capital than any IPO since  Ford Motor Company  in 1956 and instantly created more millionaires (about 300) than any company in history. In 1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by the now famous $1. 5 milliontelevision commercial â€Å"1984†. It was directed by  Ridley Scott, aired during the third quarter of  Super Bowl XVIIIon January 22, 1984,[39]  and is now considered a watershed event for Apple's success[40]  and a â€Å"masterpiece†. [41][42] In 1985 a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO  John Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier. [45]  The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to â€Å"contain† Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products. Jobs resigned from Apple and founded  NeXT Inc. the same year. [46] 1986–1993: Rise and fall Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulky  Macintosh Portable  in 1989, Apple introduced the  PowerBook  in 1991. The Macintosh Portable was designed to be just as powerful as a desktop Macintosh, but weighed 7. 5 kilograms (17  lb) with a 12-hour battery life. The same year, Apple introduced  System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system, which added color to the interface and introduced new networking capabilities. It remained the architectural basis for  Mac OS  until 2001. During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed consumer targeted products including  digital cameras,  portable CD audio players,  speakers,  video consoles, and  TV appliances. Enormous resources were also invested in the problem-plagued  Newton divisionbased on John Sculley's unrealistic market forecasts. [citation needed]  Ultimately, all of this proved too-little-too-late for Apple as their market share and stock prices continued to slide. [citation needed] 1994–1997: Attempts at reinvention In 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced by  Gil Amelio  as CEO. Gil Amelio made many changes at Apple, including extensive layoffs. [54]  After multiple failed attempts to improve Mac OS, first with the  Taligent  project, then later with  Copland  and  Gershwin, Amelio chose to purchase  NeXT  and its  NeXTSTEP  operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor. [55]  On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Jobs became the interim CEO and began restructuring the company's product line. 1998–2005: Return to profitability On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of the  Macintosh 128K: the  iMac. The iMac design team was led by  Jonathan Ive, who would later design the  iPod  and the  iPhone. [59][60]  The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design, and sold almost 800,000 units in its first five months. [61] On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official  Apple Retail Stores  in Virginia and California. 69]Later on July 9 they bought Spruce Technologies, a  DVD authoring  company. On October 23 of the same year, Apple announced the  iPod  portable  digital audio player, and started selling it on November 10. The product was phenomenally successful  Ã¢â‚¬â€ over 100 million units were sold within six years. [70][71 2007–2011: iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad Delivering his keynote speech at the  Macworl d Expo  on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would from that point on be known as Apple Inc. because computers were no longer the main focus of the company, which had shifted its emphasis to mobile electronic devices. The event also saw the announcement of the  iPhone  and the  Apple TV. [83]  The following day, Apple shares hit $97. 80, an all-time high at that point. In May, Apple's share price passed the $100 mark. [84] In October 2010, Apple shares hit an all-time high, eclipsing $300. [98]  Additionally, on October 20, Apple updated their  MacBook Air  laptop,iLife  suite of applications, and unveiled  Mac OS X Lion, the latest installment in  their Mac OS X operating system. 99]  On January 6, 2011, the company opened their  Mac App Store, a digital software distribution platform, similar to the existing iOS App Store. [100]  Apple was featured in the documentary  Something Ventured  which premiered in 2011. 2011–p resent: Post–Steve Jobs era On January 17, 2011, Jobs announced in an internal Apple memo that he would take another medical leave of absence, for an indefinite period, to allow him to focus on his health. Chief operating officer  Tim Cook  took up Jobs' day-to-day operations at Apple, although Jobs would still remain â€Å"involved in major strategic decisions for the company. [101]  Apple became the most valuable consumer-facing brand in the world. [102] On October 4, 2011, Apple announced the  iPhone 4S, which includes an improved camera with 1080p video recording, a dual core A5 chip capable of 7 times faster graphics than the A4, an â€Å"intelligent software assistant† named  Siri, and cloud-sourced data with  iCloud. [110][111]One day later, on October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, marking the end of an era for Apple Inc. [ —————————————— ——- Culture Corporate Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a  corporate cultureshould look like in organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc. ). Other highly successful firms with similar cultural aspects from the same period include  Southwest Airlines  and  Microsoft. Originally, the company stood in opposition to staid competitors like  IBM  by default, thanks to the influence of its founders; Steve Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple was a  Fortune 500  company. By the time of the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"1984† TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company attempted to differentiate itself from its competitors. [142] Users Apple's brand's loyalty is considered unusual for any product. At one time,  Apple evangelists  were actively engaged by the company, but this was after the phenomenon was already firmly established. Apple evangelist  Guy Kawasaki  has called the brand fanaticism â€Å"something that was stumbled upon†. [154]  Apple has, however, supported the continuing existence of a network of  Mac User Groups  in most major and many minor centers of population where Mac computers are available. Mac users would meet at the European  Apple Expo  and the San Francisco  Macworld Conference & Expo  trade shows where Apple traditionally introduced new products each year to the industry and public until Apple pulled out of both events. While the conferences continue, Apple does not have official representation there. Mac developers, in turn, continue to gather at the annual AppleWorldwide Developers Conference. ————————————————- Corporate affairs During the Mac's early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards for hardware, instead creating their own. [161]This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s beginning with Apple's adoption of the  PCI  bus in the  7500/8500/9500  Power Macs. Apple has since adopted  USB,  AGP,  HyperTransport,  Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computers and was in some cases a leader in the adoption of standards such as USB. [162]  FireWire  is an Apple-originated standard that has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized as  IEEE 1394. [163] Headquarters Apple Inc. s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of  Silicon Valley, at 1-6  Infinite Loop,  Cupertino, California. This Apple campus has six buildings that total 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos. [167] ———————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Finance In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. hit new heights financially with $108 billion in revenues increased significantly from $65 billion in 2010 and nearly $82 billion available in cash reserve, but the market share decreased to 15 percent from 16. 6 percent. [219]

Economics of Race and Gender Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Race and Gender - Assignment Example The important advantages of specialization and exchange within the family were also analyzed in this chapter. The authors further explained that, the reasons that, women do some house chores better in it is due to the fact that, they specialize in these works. Economies of scale were highlighted as one of the advantages of families as the price of the commodity required within the family tend to be reduced due to the fact that, they are required in large quantities. Other advantages of the families are: the availability of public goods or shared consumption within the family, externalities in consumption as two people that care for each other tend to derive satisfaction from the happiness of the other party, risk pooling, family investments that occur due to the marital relationship within the family and certain institutional advantages (Blau, Ferbr & Marianne). The author also looked at the negative side of specialization. The unequal sharing of housework is one of the disadvantages of specialization as the women tend to do the bulk of the work in the house and this tends to deny them of some salient market opportunities. Other disadvantages of specialization as mentioned in the chapter are: the transformation that affects the female gender especially throughout their life in the family as she tends to her children, she does not have the kind of time that her husband has for leisure. Another disadvantage of specialization is the cost of not being able to exist or survive without the other members of the family. Domestic violence and tastes and bargaining power were also mentioned as disadvantages of specialization. The Marxist and feminist views of the family which were based on the marital and sexual exploitation of women in the family were also analyzed in the chapter as the men tend to be the ones making the decisions in the family. Other alternatives to economic approaches such as the bargaining models and the transaction

Should Capital Punishment Be Reintroduced In The United Kingdom Essay

Should Capital Punishment Be Reintroduced In The United Kingdom - Essay Example The Crime Disorder Act 1998 abolished the death penalty in the UK for serious crimes of treason, piracy and technically for murder. Section 36 of the Act replaced the capital punishment for treason and violent piracy acts as enshrined in the Piracy Act 1837, with a lighter sentence of a maximum life imprisonment. Despite the seemingly unrelated nature of the crimes to murder, the crimes were previously classified under the same category of most serious crimes in the country’s history. In light of this reasoning, a lesser sentence for piracy and treason should have the same effect on sentencing for murder cases.  The reform of sentencing for capital offenses in the United Kingdom since 1964 has been influenced by the growing need to preserve human rights from historical violations. In particular, the Human Rights Act 1998 outlaws any public institution from acting in a manner that principally contravenes the ECHR), unless the provisions of any other key statutory regulation h ave no alternative solution. The Act also requires courts of law and tribunals to consider any directions, verdicts or counsel of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and to give their legal interpretation the widest of consideration in conforming to the Convention’s provisions on human rights. The Convention set up the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), which deliberates on appeal cases of murder from member states.  Any murder convict who believes his or her human rights have been trampled upon by a member state.

Strategic marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic marketing assignment - Essay Example 1 Skype is the market leader in the international voice over internet protocol (VoIP) telephone market. The software used by Skype allows the customers to use the internet in order to make free calls to other Skype users globally. In the process of doing business along with the internal factors, the external factors, the external environment also have the potential to enhance or subdue the performance of the business. The extent to which the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors affected the business of Skype has increased generate public awareness and acquisition by eBay. 2 Political Factors Skype defined as VoIP has an international outlook as it’s used by numerous people all over the world. So the political conditions are essential for the success of the Skype. Skype allows people to make free calls over the internet which has a direct advantage to the small business. But Skype has been suffering from many political issues over the ye ars. The governments of some emerging countries have tried to block Skype mainly because the telecom industry started to lose money due to lucrative international calls. China telecom has planned to block the access to Skype as Skype has been accused of security issues. Apart from the countries blocking Skype, based on its technology, assuming that no disruptive technology enter and challenges Skype, variations from different country tends to become less significant. With liberal regulations Skype has the opportunity to extend to developed countries and its presence along with eBay has a great potential for earning revenues and increase profits. In the emerging countries Skype has been facing difficulties but the company has the ability to capitalize in a positive manner along with eBay. Countries such as China where the political factors are often co related with the social and cultural issues, the possibility of Skype is less optimistic. The Middle Eastern Countries have also deni ed the use of Skype in their communication process and it can be said that the implication of the company are not favorable.3 Economical Factors The internet along with the digital civilization has brought about dramatic changes in the economic system as well s in the social structure caused mainly due to communications technologies. The economic condition which governs Skype reveals that a very minimal amount of risk is associated with Skype in the efficient running of its business. The business model of Skype peer to peer model is combined with the ability to leverage the resources of eBay in a cost effective manner in order to ensure competitiveness in pricing strategies.4 Skype is cost effective as it offers free online calls over the internet to people across the globe. Its low cost strategy has led to an increase in the perceived value since the savings associated to individuals are high and significant in the long run. According to sources, Skype has been regarded as one of t he fastest business which has fueled the growth rate for eBay. Skype has currently added about 150000 users per day for its 54million members in about 225 countries. Skype has generated revenue of about $7million in 2004 and achieved $200million in 2006. With Skype’s international existence, and popularity it would eventually help eBay with its international presence

The Local Rivals of Endeavour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Local Rivals of Endeavour - Essay Example The culture of the Chinese companies may significantly be different from the national culture of the country where Endeavour is located. Aside from Mikes obvious egotistic attitude, some factors may have been part of the conflict between Mikes coordination with the senior personnel among the Chinese contractors. Dealing with Asian companies requires certain people skills that know how the differences in the culture and these differences in the international socio-cultural environment can also play a part in Mikes offenses that have caused the conflicts, then the delays. The theories relating to judgment suggest that when there is a certain standard, a person is being compared to that standard which influences the judgment. Mike is a star engineering student. With the owners being engineers themselves, they know the standards that Mikes talents meet which has affected their judgment. With this standard, they thought, being a star engineering student will transform into a very much valued employee - one that contributes a lot of value to the company. Mike lives up to a certain degree of very high standards. However, not knowing that such standards in the university will not transform into standards of being a great manager. There is also a point that because one of the owners view Mike as himself, the standards are further distorted. The team fails to work well because the group dynamics have been distorted by Mikes attitudes. In order for a team to function well, there should be some harmony among the members in the form of good communication and the huge variance of personality between Mike and the other team members. However, Mikes attitudes especially when he has been consulted for some technical things has made communication worse - when the other members bring up a legitimate problem such as in the case of the Chinese contractors, Mike becomes defensive.  

International trade- tariffs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International trade- tariffs - Research Paper Example Such tariffs levied on the import of good are called the import tariff. Another kind of tariff which is not very common is called the export tariff. It is levied on exported products. Ghana imposed a tax on the export of cocoa. The OPEC (Organization of the Oil Producing Countries) once imposed export tax on oil to generate revenue and also artificially create a scarcity of oil in the international markets to increase the price of the product. A more important purpose of tariffs is to produce revenue for the government. A revenue tariff may be on export or import, depending on the trade policy of the government. But in modern times when international trade has a huge impact on the economy of a country, the most important role of tariffs is for protection purpose. Different Types of Tariffs Tariffs can be classified into three categories – the specific tariff, the ad valorem tariff and the compound tariff. Each kind of tariff has their own pros and cons we shall discuss them br iefly. Specific tariff is fixed amount of money taxed on each unit of the imported goods. The advantage of this kind of tariff is that it can be very easily calculated on the standard goods that are regularly imported. However the degree of protection that this kind of tariff offers varies inversely with the price of the good in the international market. ... In such cases the domestic industry has to supply the domestic market with less expensive good to win back the consumers. But in times of depression the prices of goods in the world market falls. In such a situation the domestic markets are better protected by the specific tariff. Specific tariffs help the domestic industries against the foreign producers who reduce their prices as the extra price the domestic consumer has to pay for foreign good. Ad valorem tariff is a tax levied as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported good. Ad valorem tariff is more proportionate and progressive than specific tariff. For a slight improvement in the product which is reflected in its price a higher price needs to be paid. For example if Ad valorem tariff rate for a country is 10% then tariff for $200 iPod will be $20. For a slightly higher version of an iPod worth $220 the tariff will proportionately higher at $22. Furthermore, ad valorem rate of tariff ensures that there is a constant pro tection for the domestic industries through periods of fluctuating price. However ad valorem tariffs generate revenue for the government that is proportional to the value of imports. Therefore the government revenue may also fluctuate with price fluctuation. Another difficulty of imposing ad valorem tariff is the problem of evaluation. The evaluation of the value of the good poses a difficulty for the customs appraisers. The difficulty increases due to constant fluctuation of prices of goods in the world market. (Helpman and Krugman). Sometimes compound tariff rates are also preferred by the countries. This kind of tariff consists of a specific component and an ad valorem component. The specific tariff is used to negate the disadvantage of cost faced by the domestic producers of finished

Evidence-based Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Evidence-based Policing - Essay Example 128). It offers a new approach to policing because it encourages the application of best practices from relevant literatures contrary to the traditional way of â€Å"just doing things the way they’ve always done it.† Encouraging law enforcers to look at relevant researches and adapt any best practices that are specified in literatures is one of the advantages of evidence-based policing because it helps in structuring their thinking and approach to various situations. Another advantage of this concept is that it is created to further help reduce the crime rate in the country by adapting new tactics and police responses that are proven effective by previous researches. On the other hand, one essential disadvantage of evidence-based policing is that not all procedures, results, and recommendations from previous researches are always reliable. Most of the time, adapting research procedures and policies may not be sufficient to address some situations, not to mention that not all law enforcers are knowledgeable, or trained, about proper implementation of these strategies. Evidence-based policing was, during the early 1990s, applied to resolving issues on domestic violence (Flynn, 2011). The traditional method of addressing this issue led to increasing cases of domestic violence. However, after using the concept of evidence-based law enforcers eventually realized their possible shortcoming in resolving domestic violence issue. They changed their method of handling these kinds of disputes that later on resulted to a sharp decline in domestic violence cases. Another example is when this concept was used to resolve street-level narcotics issue (Flynn, 2011). The traditional method of seizing the culprits did not apparently suffice to resolve the problem. After applying the concept of evidence-based, most police jurisdictions modified their traditional way of handling this concern. Instead, they created and enforced comprehensive, centered,

Global warming Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global warming - Term Paper Example With the implementation of information taken from scholarly texts, this report will address the history of global warming, what causes global warming, what the effects and consequences are, and how global warming can be prevented. Global warming Brief history of global warming Global warming may seem to many people like a modern day concern, an event that our current generation has brought upon itself. However, scientists and researchers have been following the steady progress of global warming since the 1800s. During the first Industrial Revolution, it was recorded that the coal, railroads, and the clearing of forests for various factories were causing greenhouse gas emissions to accelerate (Weart, 2008). As scientists studied the second Industrial Revolution, the same changes were again noted. A connection was then made between what was taking place on earth, such as wars and deforestation, and the moderate change in the earth’s surface temperature. Since these first recordi ngs of the changes in the world in relation to the changes of the surface temperature, the earth’s temperature has increased from 2.5 to 5 degrees Celsius. While this may seem like a minimal increase, scientists today have reason to believe that the increase will become more prominent over time as people find more ways to release dangerous emissions into the air. Causes of global warming Global warming is the result of greenhouse gases being trapped within the earth’s atmosphere. As these gases build up, the temperature becomes warmer and the earth feels the effects. Carbon dioxide is one of the main gases involved in the process of global warming as it has the capability of building up for a span of time that can exceed a few hundred years (Weart). Carbon dioxide is also considered to be the most dangerous of the gases since it only takes a small amount of carbon dioxide emissions to cause a significant increase in temperature. The more emissions that enter our atmosp here, the greater the buildup that remains, which results in a higher surface temperature. Human beings have a slightly less direct involvement with the causing of global warming, but our actions are no less important to take into consideration. The majority of human beings have played a rather detached role in the building up of emissions in our atmosphere. The cars that people drive require gasoline, which produce vapors that rise into the air. Numerous forests and parks have been demolished to make room for stores and factories; the absence of trees and plants means that less carbon dioxide is being absorbed and turned into oxygen (Weart), which is vital to the overall health of the environment. While many of the gases are naturally released into the air, the human race is to blame for the quantity of emissions currently building up in the atmosphere. Up until recent years, finite resources were being used up as if there were no end to their supplies. Electricity and gasoline, fo r example, are used on a regular basis (Weart) with little to no thought about the emissions that they release into the atmosphere. All the same, people still make sure that all of their cars are gassed up and every room in their house is well-lit. People continue to create factories and businesses that constantly release deadly gases, but no thought is ever put into the harm that these apparent necessities bring about. Effects of global warming

National Westminster Bank Essay Example for Free

National Westminster Bank Essay Q1. Analyse the customer contact process during the account opening procedure. What aspects of the branchs operation impact on each stage? From analysing the branchs operation it is clear to see which parts of the banks operation impacts each stage of the account opening procedure. Firstly the customer arrives into the bank, usually customers go to the cashiers section, they are then referred over to the enquiries counter, where they are greeted by enquiry personnel who find out which of the banks service the customer requires. If the customer wishes to open a new account, a member of the records staff comes to administer the account opening procedure. It is the records staff who deals mostly with new customers. The records staff must to have a good basic knowledge of all the banks operations to be able to advise the new customer which account is best suited for them. They must find out if the customer wishes to invest money or if they wish to avail of the banks credit facilities. The records staff would not have an in depth knowledge of the investments available to new customers so more often than not a member of the investment section is called over to advise the new customer. Read more:Â  Bankers Draft Natwest For credit facilities, the new customer is referred to the lending section for processing, as this operation is outside the record section staff jurisdiction. Once they account type has been established, the formalities begin (processing of customer details). Records staff go through forms to ensure that all key information has been gathered. This is probably the longest part of the account opening procedure with the customer as a lot of details need to be processed. Once all the details have been gathered by the records staff, the direct customer contact finishes. Customer details are then passed onto the administrative section and the machine room to finalise the opening of a new account and the paper printing (cheque books, log books, ATM cards etc.) How the different operations interact upon the Records section: Q2. How would you improve the process? Once the bank identified their problems the set out an improvement plan. They key areas identified for improvement were identified: Signage Inexperienced Staff Limited staff for rush hours Uneven flow of walk-in customers at peak times From a recent survey customers identified the following problems: Account opening forms were not properly explained Banks standard account pack was not sent out to customers Some customers waited more than the standard 9 days to receive cheque book and bank card Customer personal details were recorded incorrectly Staff seemed uninterested in the customers needs Customers wouldnt recommend the bank to others All of the above points were taken into account in the banks improvement plan. Firstly the signage issue was tackled. This issue was clearly a problem when we visited the bank, see fig.1 It was evident from this, that the enquiries desk wasnt clearly noticeable or signposted. To eliminate the problem of new customers queuing at the cashiers desk (adding to queue delays in the bank) new signage was positioned around the bank clearly highlighting where the new customers were to go. While it was unfeasible to move staff permanently from section to section, records staff who are generally young and junior members of staff could be temporarily move around each of the banks operations. This would add to their training knowledge and enable them to give more specialised advice to customers. By doing this staff will get to know each others jobs, they will become more confident in their work, giving the sense of importance to the banks operation. This increases staff motivation which reduces boredom as boredom leads to mistakes. To assess the overall performance of staffs training and progress, the bank could introduce mystery shoppers, a member of staff from another of the banks branches comes to open an account, goes through the whole procedure and at the end evaluates the staffs performance, identifies areas for improvement etc. As it was, the cashiers would go for their lunch, and it was the job of the records section to cover the cashier positions during lunch. This however was the busiest period for new customers wishing to open accounts. During the lunchtime rush customers could feel they were been rushed, inevitably resulting in mistakes occurring. To deal with this issue, lunch time for the bank staff could be divided up more evenly. Only a set amount of cashiers go for lunch at any one time, these cashiers do not take their lunch until the first group comes back, this way there is always somebody covering the records section to deal with new potential customers if they arrive during the lunch time period. To ensure the records section were not over burdened by new customers during the lunch time period, a system of appointment only during the lunch time rush was set up. This way the records section could easily deal with walk-in customers in the mornings and afternoons, and during lunch time they knew how many customers to expect and spend the required time needed with each customer opening an account. This way the customer feels more at ease and the records section staff do not feel under pressure and rushed, reducing the amount of mistakes made. Customers felt that the account opening forms were not properly explained to them. This issue was tackled by more staff training and the mystery shopper also helped by giving feedback. This helps the junior staff in training to interpret the forms better and be much more capable of explaining the forms to customers. In terms of the banks standard account pack not been sent out to customers, the bank set up a system of having all the leaflets on hand so the member of staff dealing with the new customer could make up a package there and then to suit the customers needs. It was identified that some customers waited more than the standard 9 days to receive their cheque books or ATM cards. This waiting period was improved by a more clear line of communication set up between the records staff, administration staff and the machine room. This was also helped as now there were fewer mistakes and the records staff had more time to process the forms during the day as the by appointment only and not having to cover the cashier positions fully during lunch had clearly freed up some extra time for them. To deal with the problem of customers personal details not been recorded properly, the customer was asked to fill in a form which clearly legible showing how to spell their name address etc. Once all the forms had been filled out, it was advised that the supervisor provided an extra check on the forms before they were sent for processing. To assist with the implementation of this system a sort of a Kanban system could be set up, In-Kanban, Out-Kanban this way everything was fully completed before it was sent for processing, and there would be no mix ups, on what was processed and what has to be processed. Also as part of this kanban system to finalise the last step, approval by the manager must be signed on the form. The problem of the customers feeling rushed was solved when the records section were released from other duties such as fully covering the cashiers during lunch. If all of the above points are implemented successfully, the bank will be back on track to a successful and complimentary word of mouth.

Self Reflection perspectives creating Job Satisfaction

Self Reflection perspectives creating Job Satisfaction The place I am working is call car grooming company and I fell that I have no job satisfaction in this job. I am managing the whole business and also getting good money like profit sharing on the top of the wages but some how not completely satisfy and almost lost the passion for that particular work. I have been noticed and recognized what I am doing and also performing well in my job. There is no issue with boss and money. My personal relation with my boss and staff is also good. I also handle my staff nicely. Even having all the factors in my favor I feel that I am not satisfied with my job. I believe that is has more to do with my personal traits. The question is why I am not motivated to stay longer in the job. Most of the factors related to the motivation and getting job satisfaction is in my favor and ever though the feeling of job satisfaction is missing. I questioned my self one-day. Am I getting lazy? What are the factors not driving me towards job satisfaction? And now I got the answer, which I have mentioned in my evaluation exercise. ACTION PLAN-1 Action Plan for job satisfaction: Action Described: I am not passionate about my job and not much motivation to do the job. I feel that few different motivation factors affecting my job satisfaction. I have no desire about the high pay particularly in this job. But I noticed that actually the type of job I am doing is not driving me towards the job satisfaction. The job is to deal with the employee in the car park and it not that much challenging, looking to the education and experience I have. I think to increase my job satisfaction I need to make the job more challenging and setting some target and goal in the business. Tying to improve my performance for my own satisfaction. People centered manager skills that I will develop: Its importance that I should develop my skill which will drive me towards the job satisfaction because if I do not have the passion for the job even I am performing well, its will give negative impact on my staff and there will be great impact on their performance. I will try to understand the reason, which is not driving my passion regarding the job satisfaction. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will evaluate the values and reason for not getting satisfaction towards the job. I will try to find out the job involvement that extent to which my individual is personally involved with work role. Try to focus more on job goal rather than always thinking about not having satisfaction about the job. Trying to find out the way of motivation like hygiene factor if responsible for my job satisfaction Resource you need to implement action: Creating challenging job, focus more on goal and how to achieve more target and how to improve the business culture to feel more comfortable environment in which I am working. Reviewing the team feedback toward my attitude to them. I am sure that if I am not satisfied with the job my reaction towards employee will be not good. Design of working area and environment. Try to enhance the job satisfaction by observing the requirement and knowledge. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to the theory: By building a self esteem in our self and other can have positive impact on performance. Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is turned on to ones work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well, rather than being dependent on external factor such as incentive pay or compliments from the boss (cited by Knicki Kreitner 2009 page 151). Job enrichment such that an employee has the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility and advancement will help achieving job satisfaction (Cited by Knicki Kreitner 2009 page 15) ACTION PALN-2 SELF-REFLACTION REGARDING FAIR TREATMENT: This is regarding my self-reflection regarding the treatment towards staff. After doing the exercise I feel that I moderate but not very fair in regards to the staff treatment. My problem is that I do not have fair job satisfaction and when it comes to the staff treatment it reflect on them. Because of lack of my motivation my staff is not being treated, as they should be. My employees hard work appreciation when they performed well, their respect for the work and time they are giving to the organization to achieve the goal their questions and problems are not always been taken fairly and I have understood that employees always have a habit for complaining about the things and I was not really trying to sloe problems. My lack of accurate feedback to them were not motivated them and affecting the result in the business. After evaluating the exercise I have develop the action plan for my future improvement. ACTION PLAN -2 Action Plan for giving Fair Treatment to the employee Action Described: I usually do not give good feedback and appreciation to the employees. I was always thinking that if you appreciate your workers than they will slowly led towards the less performance. This is was my belief but they do need motivation to perform well that is what I learnt from the different motivational theory. I need to treat my employee very fairly and not just the moderately. People centered Manager skills that I will develop: I will develop my skill to motivate my employee. Employee will know this and we will try to improve the productivity and creativity. I will distinguish between fairness and equal treatment. I will give accurate feedback to the employee and rewards to performance. Example of New Behavior you will display given this new skill: I will introduce the system like a performance chart for the individual employee to see improvement in their performance. Appreciation of their hard work and solving their problems and taking feedback regarding their performance. If any training or mentoring is needed I will make sure to provide them. Their suggestions are consider seriously and try to find out the best way suitable for them as well as for organization. Resource you need to implement action: Learn the theory of motivation and their expectancy. Considering the practical experience and put in to the theory. Considering and reading the vrooms expectancy theory. Reward people for desire performance. Design challenging jobs. Monitor employee motivation through interviews or anonymous questionnaires. Make sure employee can achieve target performance levels. Actions specific benefits to an organization according to theory: Managers need valid and accurate performance ratings with which to compare employees. In accurate ratings create perceptions of inequity and thereby erode motivation.(Kinicki Kreitner 2009) Manager should use the performance ratings to differentially allocate rewards among employees. That is critical that managers allocate significantly different amount of rewards for various levels of performance. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009 ) A positive self-enhancing culture is more likely to engender higher motivation and commitment that a culture dominated by suspicion, faultfinding and blame. ACTION PLAN-3 SELF REFELECTION REGARDING GIVNG FEED BACK: I am not good in giving feed back. Sometime I want to give feedback to my employee but I struggle to give feed back to them. I feel that If I give them negative feed back for any of their work done they may feel offended and feel embarrassing and due to that reason I am usually avoid to give feed back. But I realized that feedback is very important for the manager to give to their employee and feed back can help in performance of the organization. Its also good idea to get someone to check on work before its too late to make changes. Also by not giving feedback it can create confusion when something happens after long time and we will than thing that it could have better if I could have given a feed back on this particular issue actually when it happed. Therefore much time I feel the failure in particular issues are because of not giving feed back on time. My lack of feedback habit created problems in both ways with employee for not giving them feedback for their work they were not m otivated and to the boss for not giving feed back thinking about the reflection of the feedback. I learnt that feedback is very necessary and important in the organization as well as a manager and I am putting the action in the following plan. ACTION PLAN-3 ACTION PLAN FOR GIVING FEED BACK: Action Described: I am very poor in giving feedback to my employee as well as to the boss. I am not giving feed back because I always think that what will be impact on my employee if I give them negative feedback for their work. They may take it personally and I do not wanted to create any disturb environment in the organization. But I really need to give feed back to them. My positive feedback will motivate them for their job and my negative feedback may improve their job People centered manger skills that I will adopt: Employees even after doing a good job they feel lot more confident of it after someone else tell them so. I will give them regular feed back for the work they have done it can be positive or negative and try to find out how they give importance to negative feedback to make improvement in their performance and how should I reward them by giving a positive feedback. I will identify attitudes and behavior that must change and define what attitudes and behavior will be acceptable in future. I will evaluate responses to make sure they are consistent with company policy and with the treatment of other employees. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: Feedback is objective information about individual or collective performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation. Subjective assessments such as you are not doing this and that do not qualify as objective feedback. Feedback should be given as an exchange of information about the status and quality of work product. It will provide a road map to success. I will try to give feedback that ensures that the manager and employees are in sync and agree on the standards and expectations of the work to be performed. I will enhance feedback by pairing specific challenging goals with specific feedback about result. Resource you need to implement action: Commitment of management by making employee reward and recognition. Advise to deliver frequent feedback to motivate workers. Newer approaches like upward feedback and 360 degree feedback. Review the work progress and culture regularly to give them feedback. Introduce performance appraisal system. Action specific benefit to an organization according to theory: Top management support and organizational climate openness can help 360-degree feedback programs success. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). Focus feedback on things employee can control improvement not just result and performance rather than personality. Cultivate a fair and constructive climate by including positive feedback one or examples instead of dumping on employees and taking time to listen to employees can provide effective feedback. Large scales at the U.S Naval Academy, where student leaders and followers live together day and night, discover a positive impact of upward feedback on leaden behavior. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). ACTION PLAN-4 SELF REFLECTION REGARDING HANDLING CONFLICT: I personally do not like conflict in the organization and I am always trying to avoid that and I am not at all good in handing the conflict. I am always worried about the effect on my relation with the employee and therefore I could not handle properly when conflict happens. I believe that completely avoid conflict is not a right thing and it can also not possible in modern life because it is became a part of human condition to occurs conflict at several levels. For me probably seems the lack of negotiation skill keeping me to avoid conflicts but when it happens it becomes a hard job to handle the conflict and being a manager it is very important to know how to handle the conflict and how to encourage the conflict. Conflict can be useful as well. For example conflict like functional conflict can be positive for the organization and conflict like dysfunctional can be negative for the organization. I need to learn that how to handle the functional conflict and how to handle the dysfunc tional conflict. It is the most important thing for the manager and good leader to know the types and identify the desire outcomes of the conflicts. I have now prepared the action plan how I am going to improve the skill in handling the conflicts. ACTION PLAN-4 ACTION PLAN FOR HANDLING CONFLICT Action Described: I am not good in handling when conflict takes place. I usually avoid happening conflict which every one wants but sometime to avoid conflict I am not giving proper feedback or I am not getting proper feedback and in fact I am blocking any inputs coming to the organization for the improvements. I must face the conflict as a good leader and manager and find out the best possible result for the organization. People centered manager skills that I will develop: I want to make sure that I should not be the one who is the problem of the progress. If I were avoiding the conflict means no one would happy to give me any feedback and I would not give any feedback. Conflicts are not always bad for the organization. I should be able to make out which type of conflict has taken place and what will be the out come of the conflict. Is this conflict is benefit to the organization or is it damaging the organization. I must pay attention when someone or showed little interest in their opinion Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will investigate and document the conflict and take if appropriate, take corrective action like taking feedback, or behavior modification. I will avoid dragging coworkers in to the conflict unless it is extremely necessary. I will find out which type of conflict has taken place if the conflict is functional it can give positive output to the organization. These types of conflict support the goal of the organization and improve the performance. If it is dysfunctional conflict that I have to work for the best interest of my organization. I also have to be good listener and be sensitive to needs of others and co operative to handle the conflict Resource you need to implement action: Must know about the methods to handle to conflict like devils advocacy method and the Dialectic Method. I must understand the style for handling dysfunctional conflict. I must distinguish the important and concerns of every factor and apply the right theory like problem solving, smoothing, forcing, avoiding or compromising and find the best possible solution in benefit of the organization I am working for. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to the theory: Avoiding conflict doesnt make it go away the same situation is likely to continue and even to escalate. What then, is the alternative? For our present purposes it is sufficient to become consciously aware of our fears and practice overcoming them and understanding and acting upon the situation are steps in positive direction (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). ACTION PLAN-5 SELF REFLECTION REGARDING CHANGING IN ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE: I generally do not accept the organizational change. The system once introduced in the organization when joining becomes so habituated that it makes me very uncomfortable when organizational changes happen. I always worried about whether I will be able to change the new behavior or whether I will be able to learn the new system, which is going to introduce. I do not even try to find out that new system coming in to the organization whether it is providing any benefit or not. I simply feel not comfortable when ever changes come. To change work habit is difficult task for me and even rewarding does not work here for me. Once its introduced and when we get use to the new system than its a different story but initially I always feel uncomfortable with changing organization culture. In my company when the waterless product was introduced and the system of washing cars have been changed I was always feeling uncomfortable by the new product introduce and giving excuses that the old system w as very good. I will put following action plan to improve my concept for organizational changes. ACTION PLAN-5 ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGING BEHAVIOR FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE Action Describe: I am very low motivated person when it comes to changing organizational behavior, I do not feel comfortable when ever changes introduce and always feel fatigue about changing the organizational behavior and training all employee once again and never sure about the out come of it. I also do not bother to work out whether this change is positive for the organization or not. I need to change the way I consider my job. I should be always ready to accept new changes coming in to the origination. If I do not show enthusiasm for accepting the changes, I will not be able to motivate my staff and it will give very adverse effect on the organization. People centered manager skills that I will develop: I will try to provide as much information as possible to my employee about the changes. Inform employees about he reason and rationale for the changes. I will also conduct the meeting to address employees questions regarding the change and provide employees the opportunity to discuss how the proposed change might affect them. I will develop good communication skill with employees through the process of change. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will listen consider the benefit for changing or introducing any new behavior in the organization. I will always consider that organization must be ready for change. I will make sure that I am not making any implementation errors while changing the organizational behavior. There will be bump along the way but I will stay focus on the big picture. My awareness of the forces of change can help me determine when I should consider implementing organizational changes. Resource you need to implement action: Focus on the organizations mission and vision also the making strategic goals and target elements of change in the organization. Understand the methods of process with work flow and make the arrangement with organization with their policies and structure including rewards and training for the employees. Understand the Lewins change model and create the strategic plans, target elements of change and out put. Create the plan to achieving the vision. Anchor new approaches in the culture. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to theory: Organizational change, whether large or small is undertaken to improve some process, procedure, product, service or out come of interest to management. Because changes involve learning and doing things differently. Changes entails providing employee with new information, new behavior model new processes or procedure new equipment new technology or new ways of getting the job done. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). Increase global competition starling breakthroughs in information technology, changes to change the way they do business. Employee want satisfactory work environments, customers are demanding grater value, and investors want more integrity in financial disclosures. The rate of organizational and societal change is clearly accelerating. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009)

Music File-Sharing- Right or Wrong? Essay -- Internet File Sharing Ess

Music File-Sharing- Right or Wrong? To file share or not to file share? That is the question. Should free music off the internet be legal? Who is in the right- Napster or the music industry? There are some of the topics I hoped to discuss when I invited four journalists to my house to debate the controversial issue of online music. Ding-dong! â€Å"Uh-oh†, I think, wiping my hands on a paper towel. â€Å"They must be here early.† It’s six-thirty, my guests aren’t due to arrive until seven, and I am already a half-hour behind. The lobsters are still boiling on the stove, the chunky potatoes are rock-hard and my spinach salad lies in pieces all over the kitchen floor. Things aren’t off to such a good start. I am supposed to be hosting a small, informal discussion tonight with a few journalists. The topic of the forum concerns the recent legal uproar about online music organizations such as Napster, Morpheus and Kazaa. I have invited a variety of people; some of whom have clashing opinions. I am looking forward to a heated and intellectual discussion; which will be good because I am planning on writing a book on the subject of online music. I haven’t decided yet whose side I am on; the music industry or the internet music providers. Hopefully, tonight’s discussion will provide me with some insight as to which side to stand on. Or maybe, I won’t have to choose a side†¦who knows? As I walk to the front door, I can’t help but feel just a little bit anxious, but excited at the same time. â€Å"I wonder who it is†¦who had the nerve to be fifteen minutes early?† I think to myself. I open the great oak door to find Tobey Grumet, a journalist from Popular Mechanics magazine. â€Å"How’s it going?† he asks casually as he ... ... on the issue of online file-sharing. Each of them had to take an opinion on the subject because it is part of their job. And, for the most part, I don’t believe there was any kind of prior incentive to their taking one side or the other. Each of them has an extensive technological background and I think they looked at the issue pretty objectively. I learned a lot about online music from this project. I never realized what an important part of the technology community it plays. It is fun to download free music, rate it, and perhaps even discuss it with fellow music lovers. And it is convenient and thrifty to be able to check out albums before you decide to buy them. My final decision is that online music is a positive aspect of the internet that I hope, somehow, will continue to remain free and entertain music lovers through the means of the internet.

Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples -- Shakespearean Literatur

Othello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous play. Aristotle the famous philosopher outlined several requirements in which a play or piece of drama is to follow. The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered tragic hero, which every tragedy must contain. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be a man in a position of power who is a good person and makes a mistake during the timeline of the play due to a tragic flaw. Othello’s major flaw can be seen as jealousy: â€Å"Othello has often been described as a tragedy of character, as the play’s protagonist swiftly descends into a rage of jealousy that completely destroys his life†("Othello"). Othello is shown he is a good man within the first few scenes of the play: â€Å"She wished she had not heard it; yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man† (1.3.162-163). This line in Act I spoken by Othello, is an indication that he is a good person although it may appear that he has stolen Desdemona away from her father. Othello speaks that although he has taken Desdemona as his wife without Brabantio’s consent, he is a good person for stating his reasons for his actions as well as standing his ground. After Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, the conflict is started when Iago insinuates t... ... Works Cited Catherine Bates, "Weaving and Writing in Othello," in Shakespeare Survey, Vol. 46, edited by Stanley Wells, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 51–60. Dreher, Diane. "Shakespeare's Cordelia and the power of character." World and I Apr. 1998: 287+. Fine Arts and Music Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Newton, K.M. "Othello: Overview." Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. "Othello." Shakespeare for Students: Critical Interpretations of Shakespeare's Plays and Poetry. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 649-687. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Othello, the Moor of Venice. Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 368-455. Print. Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples -- Shakespearean Literatur Othello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous play. Aristotle the famous philosopher outlined several requirements in which a play or piece of drama is to follow. The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered tragic hero, which every tragedy must contain. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be a man in a position of power who is a good person and makes a mistake during the timeline of the play due to a tragic flaw. Othello’s major flaw can be seen as jealousy: â€Å"Othello has often been described as a tragedy of character, as the play’s protagonist swiftly descends into a rage of jealousy that completely destroys his life†("Othello"). Othello is shown he is a good man within the first few scenes of the play: â€Å"She wished she had not heard it; yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man† (1.3.162-163). This line in Act I spoken by Othello, is an indication that he is a good person although it may appear that he has stolen Desdemona away from her father. Othello speaks that although he has taken Desdemona as his wife without Brabantio’s consent, he is a good person for stating his reasons for his actions as well as standing his ground. After Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, the conflict is started when Iago insinuates t... ... Works Cited Catherine Bates, "Weaving and Writing in Othello," in Shakespeare Survey, Vol. 46, edited by Stanley Wells, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 51–60. Dreher, Diane. "Shakespeare's Cordelia and the power of character." World and I Apr. 1998: 287+. Fine Arts and Music Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Newton, K.M. "Othello: Overview." Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. "Othello." Shakespeare for Students: Critical Interpretations of Shakespeare's Plays and Poetry. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 649-687. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Othello, the Moor of Venice. Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 368-455. Print.

Comparing James Dickeys Deliverance and Fog envelops the Animals :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing James Dickey's Deliverance and "Fog envelops the Animals" Deliverance and "Fog envelops the Animals" by James Dickey are closely associated to each other in their themes. In pages 93-99 of Deliverance, Ed is in the midst of a heavy fog and decides to go hunting. At first one can easily point out that Ed is not really into the whole idea of hunting, as we might say Lewis is, yet, in a matter of moments, hunting becomes very serious to him. He has trouble walking through this fog, which is blinding him from anything within arm's reach. Still, he is able to perceive a small deer, feel its presence, and make out its figure. Since Ed now has a newfound asset to himself --invisibility by fog-- he feels more secure of himself and feels that he can kill if the chance arises. He concentrates on getting as close as possible without being noticed. Ed then decides he is ready as he will ever be. Yet, the moment he shoots his arrow he feels that he jerks upward. He immediately realizes that he is going to miss. Indeed, he does miss the shot, yet he wastes another arrow, knowing the second shot is pointless for the deer is now running. "Fog Envelops the Animals" is similar to this particular scene in Deliverance. The fog is the center of focus in both of these passages, the deciding variable that will either protect and envelop the animal from its predator, or expose it, and leave it open to the hunter. If there were no fog, it is likely that Ed would have successfully shot the deer. One can argue that Ed missing the shot is a result of his lack of seriousness towards hunting or the fact that he isn't well prepared or experienced in this field, but then the idea of including the fog would have no importance. In this case the fog becomes the only means of salvation of Ed's manly pride, of proving that he could also be a hunter as Lewis is. The fog also happens to be a means of protection by chance. It is luck that Ed wakes up and there is fog that urges him to hunt. "Fog Envelops the Animals" explores the same idea that fog hides. Fog envelops the animals. Not one can be seen, and they live.

Writing and Non Verbal Communication

DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (DBM) Answers of Business Communication Case I 1) Comment on the appropriateness of the sender’s tone to a customer. Letter is written in a simple and direct manner. There is no beating about the bush. Letter is brief but its convey the purpose and idea of the writer fully. Impolite and harsh language is avoided. 2. Point out the old – fashioned phrases and expressions. Heading and leatter head Reference Inside address Attention line Subject Salutation Body Complimentary close dentification mark Enclosure 3. Rewrite the reply according to the principles of effective writing in business. Case II 1. What is non – verbal communication? Why do you suppose that this commercial relies primarily on non-verbal communication between a young man and a gorgeous woman? What types of non – verbal communication are being used in this case? Non Verbal communication is that which communication through other symbols. The non verbal communicat ion in this case used are â€Å"Auditory symbols† and â€Å"Body languages† . Would any of the non-verbal communications in this spot (ad) not work well in another culture? No it won’t be working in another culture 3. What role does music play in this spot? Who is the target market? The music play in this spot for Advertising the Radio FM Brand. Fm Brand was the target market. 4. Is the music at all distracting from the message? No the music was not distracting from the message 5. How else are radio stations advertised on TV? Case III 1. Analyse the reasons for Arvind Pandey’s dilemma.Arvind was in the situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between not want to lose the job and also against his loyalty to his company and his personal ethics. 2. Does Arvind Pandey really face a dilemma? Yes, definitely Arvind was facing a dilemma. 3. In your view what should Arvind Pandey do? Should he disclose it to his German Vice President? In this situatio n he should not go against his loyalty to his company and his personal ethics. He should place the whole thing before his German Vice President. Case IV . Comment on the terms and conditions placed by the corporation. The corporation was trying to negotiation in terms and conditions, delivery, sevices. 2. What factors influenced the computer company’s decision to accept the contract? The computer company who was finally awarded the contract had agreed to overall terms that were fine as far as their own products were concerned but had also accepted the same terms for the brought – out items. In this case, the bought – out items were to be imported through a letter of credit.The percentage of the bought – out items versus their own manufacture was also very high. 3. Was it a win – win agreement? Discuss? No it was not totally a win because the computer company started facing trouble immediately on supply. There were over 100 computers over a distance connected with one another with software on it. For the acceptance tests, it had been agreed that the computer company would demonstrate as a pre-requisite the features they had claimed during technical discussions.

Second Chance? Illegal Immigrants

Illegal Immigration has been a rising controversial problem among policy makers. There are 11 million immigrants that currently reside in the United States. They immigrated to this nation to seek a new life, a job, and a brighter future, but obtaining a citizenship won’t be on the same level as immigrating here. One wrong step would lead them to deportation. I believe that illegal immigrants should be given a chance to become U. S. citizens. This is due to several reasons: (1) Families that have been previously separated by deportation can reunite. (2) Illegal Immigrants contribute to the economy. (3) Immigration is a human right. These reasons proves that illegal immigrants should be given a second chance. According to government records in 2011, approximately 200,000 parents has been deported from the United States because they did not have a citizenship. The government has teared many childrens from their parents and countless families apart. Childrens have been traumatized of this. These illegal immigrants should be given a second chance of obtaining a citizenship instead of staying deported because of traffic violations and other minor transgressions. One such case was when a Mexican immigrant named Felipe Montes was deported from North Carolina. He left behind three children and a wife. Eventually he won but he had to go to Mexico with them. This was all just because he had a bunch of traffic violations. Illegal Immigrants also contribute to the economy as well to the government. Offering to get paid low wages, the immigrants help companies compete with low priced products from other companies. By granting citizenship on the illegal immigrants, the tax revenue would also increase by 4. 5 billion dollars in a span of three years according to the Congressional Budget Office. This would be a big aid to the economy as well to the government. It would also as well increase the labor force as more people retire and this would benefit the economy preventing lack of labor force. Immigration should be a right inherited from humanity. Just as we are allowed to breath and eat, we should be allowed to immigrate. It should be a right entitled to us automatically to have freedom. The constitution says that all men should have freedom but this issue on illegal immigrants completely defies it. This law is not even based on if you have citizenship or not, it said all men. This is a reason why they should also not be deported. In conclusion, I believe that illegal immigrants should be given a chance to obtain a citizenship. It is unfair that they should be left out on the freedom that everyone should be entitled to.

America’s Failure at the Bay of Pigs

Cuba was a US-controlled isand since 1898 when it won Cuba from Spain after the Spanish-American war. While itofficially controlled Cuba only until 1902, it established itself on the island with a long-term lease on Guantanamo Bay for a naval base. Up to the time before Castro was seated in power, the US ambassador to Cuba was the second most pwoerful officail after the President. (Lafeber, 19 Aril 1986, p. 537). President Truman inn March 12, 1947 called the Truman Doctrine recomended to Congress to halt the Russian aggression in Europe.â€Å"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting atempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. † (cited in Ismael, 1965, p. 3212). Regular battles with the threat of communism and in 1948, the Belrin blockade where the Russian tries to starve out the Western sector but the US responded by airlifting a tremendous amount of food and other supplies. The US assistd the Na tionalistas versus the Communista in the civil war in China which the Communists eventually won in 1949.In 1950, the US gladly responed to the call to end the Communists North America aggression towards South Korea by sending troops under Gen. Douglas McArthur. While the Korean war became inetnsely unpopular aong many Americans as casualties were heavy and the Truman administration was blamed for not foreseeing the attack. There was a general agreement nevertheless that the cuommunist leders had to be shown that the US would, if necessary, use force to stop the expansionist plans. In 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president.Anti-cmmunist sentiment was still going strong as McCarthy continued his unproven charges â€Å"that the government payrll included communists†. Through his charges, teh Sneator speread fear and dissension throughout the countyr. In 1954, Cimmunist China threatened the islands held by the Nationalist government. The US announced that it would defen d Taiwan against any atack and pledged itself to aid any fellow Sout East Asian Trety Organizaton member in fighting communist advances. Communist influence in Latin America became more and more apparent especially in Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro ended the island’s totalitarian governemnt.Soon, Caro was displaying dictatorial tendencies and strong leanings towards communism. By 1960, it was evident that Cuba was trying to implant communism in other Latin American nations. (Book of Knowledge) Castro first attracted international attention and national history when he led an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago, Cuba on July 24th 1953 hoping to overthrwo the dictatorship of then President Fulgencio Batista. Castro was pardoned in 1955 and sailed to Mexico but returned in 1956 and instigated a guerila wafare against Batista’s regime.In the early hours of 1st January 1959, Batista and the former Prime Minisster and newly–elected President Dr. Andre s Rivero Aguero fled Cuba (Telzrow, 2006). On Jan. 6th, an official note proclaiming â€Å"the sincere goodwill of the government of the United States towards the new government† was sent to Castro (Welch, 1982, p. 29). Career diplomat Philip Bonsal was then appointed as the new US Ambassador to Havana with the hope that Bonsal will be able develop good raltions with Castro replicating his sucess in Bolivia where he was able to establisg good relationships with the left-leaning incumbent adminsitration.On April 19, 1959 after a 3 ? hour meeting with Vice President Richard Nixon in Washington D. C. , Nixon was convinced that Castro was indeed a communist. Castro was determined to transform Cuba led to radical reforms and other economic changes that brought him closer to the Cuba communist party and put him on a collisison course with the Eisenhower Adminsrtration. When in early 1960, the US tried to strangle Castro with tough economic sanctions, he turned to the Soviet bloc fo r help. (Lafeber) Free lections were suspended, private business was socialized, US property was confiscated, On Oct.12, the Cuban government nationalizes 382 big businesses including manufacturers of sugar, liquor, beer, perfume, soap, textiles and milk products as well as bank. (Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 161). As early as Oct. 1959, programs had been proposed by the Department of State in agreement with the CIA to support elements opposed to the Cuban government while making Castro’s downfall seem to be the result of his own mistakes. In Dec. 1959, J. C. King, the CIA’s head of its Western Hemisphere division outlines a series of covert and propaganda operations to overthrow Castro.On March 17, Preseident Eisenhower approves a CIA policy paper title â€Å"A Program of Covert Action Against the Castro Regime†. (Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 159). In the History of Cuba as compiled and written by J. A. Sierra (2007, par. 14), the plan was siad to have included: 1) the creation of a responsible and unified Cuabn opposition to the Castro regime located outside of Cuba, 2) the development of a means for mass communication to the Cuban people as part of a powerful propaganda offesnive,3) the creations and development of a covert intelligence and action organization within Cuba whioch would respond to the orders and directions o the exile opposition, and 4) the development of a paramilitray force otuside of Cuba for future guerilla action. These goals were to be achieved ‘in sucg a manner as to avoid the appearance of U. S. intervention. ’ In July 1960, Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Khruschev openly declared its support for Castro by speaking of â€Å"figurative rockets that would protect Cuba from teh U. S. † to which Pres.Eisenhower announced that the US would no â€Å"tolrate the establishment of a regime dominated by international communism in the Western hemisphere. (cited in Sierra, 2007, par. 7). On Oct. 28, Amb. Bons al was permanently recalled to Washington. On Jan. 3, 1961, all diplomtic relations were broken off with Cuba. The year 1960 was also the year for the campaign period for the the presidential elections. Vice President Richard Nixon was running against SenatorJohn F. Kennedy. The Kennedy campiagn rode on the American voters anti-Castro sentiment and their restlessness towards the resolution of the Castro issue.On the eve of a candidate’s debate, Kennedy attacked Eisenhower’s Cuba policy. He called for U. S. support for the â€Å"non-Batista anti-Castro forces in exile, and in Cuba itself, who offer eventual hope for overthrowing Castro. † Stated further, â€Å"thus far these fighers for freedom have had no support from our government. † Nixon attacks Kennedy’s position on Cuba as irresponsible and reckless since he knew that CIA Director Allan Dulles himslef briefed Kennedy some months back on intelligence amtters including the training of Cuban exi les for operations against the Castro government.(Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, pp. 160-162). Meanwhile, the program for covert action was being put in place. Radio Swan goes on the air in May 1960. The programs were taped in Miami and routed throught the Swan transmitter, An airport was built in Guatemala, a cuntry whose president was beholden to the CIA-led U. S. support in overthrowing the reformist government in 1954. The Cuban exiled forces called Brigade 2506 who were being trained in Useppa Island off the coast of Florida were transferred to a camp in Guatemala.Eventually, the size of the brigade grew to about 1,500 soldiers and were called Brigade 2506. A few months later, Castro charged â€Å"that the U. S. has taken over Swan Island and has setup a very powerful broadcasting station there, â€Å" during an address to the UN General Assembly which the US refuted claiming that there is a private commercial broadcasting station in Swan Island . Foreigh Minsiter Raul Roa addresse d the UN a month later providing details on the recruitment and training of the Cuban exiles wherein he referred to them as mercenaries and counter-revolutionaries.The CIA recruits were paid USD400 per month to train and an additional USD175. 00 for their wives and more for their children. (Sierra, 2007, par. 19) NOTE: In a historic meeting of the participants of both sides in 2001, Castro himself pointedly referred to them as brigadistas. President Eisenhower approves a budget of USD13 million for the covert antCastro operation as well as the use of the Department of Defense personnel and equipment. However, it was specified that no US military personnel are to be used in combat status. 2ND PLAN The CIA changes the conception of the plan in Nov.8-9, 1960 from a guerilla infiltraion to an amphibious invasion Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 162). Why? – Cuban accustaion of propaganda via Radio Swan – First attempt at droping weapons and supplies to the internal Cuban resist ance was a failure having missed the drop zone by seven miles, lands on a dam, picked up by Castro forces and the gound agent caught and shot – Young officers revolt in Guatemala due to the presence of the Cuba expeditionary force which the US helped to quell – The operation is no longer a secret as it is known all over Latin America and was being discussed in UN circles.The Joint Chief of Staff were consulted for the first time on Jan. 11th 1961. A working committee including representatives from the CIA, Defense and the JCS resulted which the Pentagon code names Operation Bumpy Road. On Jan. 28th, newly-elected President John F. Kennedy receives his first CIA briefing on the Cuban operation. The concept of the plan as outlined in the memorandum prepared by two senior CIA official in charge of the brigade, Jacob Esteline and Jack Hawkins is as follows: The initial mission of the invasion force will be to seize and defend a small area.There will be no attempt to break out of lodgment for further offensive operations unless and until there is a general uprising against the Castro regime or overt military intervention by the US forces has taken place. (Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). The landing would be in the vicinity of the old colonial city of Trinida, Cuba in the southern coast of Cuba. This is approximately 400 km. Southeast of Havana at the foothills of Escambray mountains. The Trinidad site provided a number of options that the exile brigade could exploit during the invasion.The popiltaion of Trinidad was generally opposed to Castro and the rugged mountains outside the city provided an area into which the invasion force could retreat and establish a guerilla campaign were the landing to falter. Throughout the 1960, the growing ranks of Briagde 2560 rained throughout for the beach landing and possible mountain retreat (Wikipedia). Richard Bissell, CIA Director of Plans, assessed the plans as having â€Å"a fair chance of success – success meaning ability to survive, hold ground and attarct groing support for Cubans and get a ful-fledged civil war in which the US could then back the anti-Castro forces openly.At worst, the invaders should be able to fight their way to the Escabray and go into guerilla action. (Bight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). The military plan for d-day of Macrh 5 is put back until April after examination of all possible alternatives. Why? – State Department point out grave effects on US position in Latin America – No way to disgusie US complicity However, Bissell argued for the invasion on the grounds of â€Å"disposal† problem if the mission is aborted: â€Å"brigade members will be angry, disillusioned and aggressive† (in fact a revolt did occur in late Jan.1961 among the Cuban exiles in Guatemala and almost half of the more than 500 en in camp resigned. ) (Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). Bissell concludes that this is the last opportunity for the US to bring do wn Castro without overt US military intervention or a full embargo. National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy recommended to institute a trade embargo first and let internal oppositon build for several months and then launch â€Å"Bissells’s battalion†. Ther Trinida plan is rejected as the President prepfers a quiet landing, prefereably at night with no basis for American military intervention.CIA presented three alternatives. The first is a modification of the Trinidad plan, the second targets an area on the northeast coast of Cuba and the thrid is an invasion at the Bay of Pigs codenamed â€Å"Opertion Zapata†. The pPresident orders modifcations of the Zapata Plan to mak it appear more like an inside, guerilla-type operation. It was modified to a night landing (instead of a dawn landing) and air drops a t first light. Kennedy questions the necessity of the air strikes, A compromise is agreed upon limited air strikes two days pror to d-day simultanoeus with a di versionary landing of 160 men in Eastern Cuba.These strikes will give the impression of being the action of Cuban pilots defecting from teh Cuban air force and thus supproting the fiction that air support for the invasion force is coming from within Cuba. Bissell also reassures Kennedy that the Cubans on the island will join in an uprising. Sen. William Fulbright, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations describes the venture as ill-considered and predicts that it will be impossible to conceal the US hand. After polling a dozen advisers, all vote in favor of moving ahead ecept for Sec.Of State Dean Rusk who remained noncommittal. Defense Sec. Requested the JCS to reconsider the rules of engagement to ensure that the US would not become oertly engaged with Castro forces. Seven days before d-day, Esterline and Hawkins, two of the leaders of the invasion call on Bissell to tell him that they want to quit. They say that the project is out of control. Bissell asks them to stay and they d o. Three days before the invsion, â€Å"Kennedy rules outm under any condition, an intervention in Cuba by the US Armed Forces.One day before the invasion, the number of plane were reduced from 16 to 6 planes as ordered by Kennedy in order to keep it minimal. On April 16, Kennedy formally approved the landing plan. However, fearing international condemnation, Kennedy cancels the dawn air strikes until the beachhead airfiled is in the hands of the aldning force and completely operational and capale of supporting the raids. Bissel argued that the ships as well as the landings will be seriously endangered without the dawn strikes,In early morning, aboard the Blagar, CIA agent Grayston Lynch receives a message from Washington: â€Å"Castro still has operational aircraft. Expect you to be hit at dawn. Unload all troops and supplies and take ships to sea as soon as possible. † On learning that the invading troops will meet resistance in the landing area, due to failure to destroy all of the Cuban air force, the Blagar moves in close to shore and delivers gunfire support. Brigade troops commence landing at 0100 hours. Later that morning, the Houston comes under air attack and is hit.It goes aground with about 180 men on the west side of the Bay of Pigs—about five miles from the landing beach. At 9:30 AM, the freighter Rio Escondido is sunk by a direct rocket hit from a Sea Fury—with ten day's reserves of ammunition on board, as well as food, hospital equipment, and gasoline. All crew members are rescued and transferred to the Blagar. Fighting rages throughout the day, with the brigade freighters withdrawing 50 miles out to sea. That evening, President Kennedy discusses the deteriorating situation with his advisers.(Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 168). On April 18, the Brigade Commander refused a call for evacuation. While at the UN on the same day, Ambassador Adlai Stevenson continued to deny that the United States had intervened militarily in Cuba . Bissell, in direct violation of Kennedy’s instructions, authorized American pilots to fly combat missions when a number of the Cuban pilots at Pueto Cabezos refused to fly. On April 19, two planes flown by U. S. pilots were shot down and the pilots killed. The invasion force were captured.About 130 were killed and 1,189 were taken prisoners. Cuba’s casualties were about 157. Mass trial were held and each was sentenced to 30 years in prison. After 20 months of negotations, most were released in echange for USD53 million in baby food and medical supplies. (Sierra, 2007). Lymann Kirkpatrick, the CIA Inspector General, issued a report that pointed to Bissell and his aide Tracy Barnes as not having firm plans for the invasion and failed to advise Kennedy that a covert action is not at all possible.Bissell rebutted by issuing a memorandum of his own and putting the blame on Kennedy’s withdrawal of the air strikes. On June 13, 1961, General Taylor, head of the Taylor Commitee composed on Gen. Maxwell taylor, Atty. General Robert Kennedy, Adm. Arleigh Burke and Dir. Gen. Of CIA Allen Dulles to investigate why the operation failed submits their report to President Kennedy: A paramilitary operation of the magnitude of Zapata could not be prepared and conducted in such a way that all U. S.support of it and connection with it could be plausibly disclaimed†¦. By about November 1960, the impossibility of running Zapata as a covert operation under CIA should have been recognized and the situation reviewed. If a reorientation of the operation had not been possible, the project should have been abandoned. (Blight & Kornbluh, 1999, p. 169). Apart from the reports of Kirkpatrick of the CIA and the Taylor Committee, and after more documents relating to the Bay of Pigs invasion surfaced and were declassified, the following can be concluded:– the CIA made decisions on mere assumptions that the people would spontaneously assist in overthrowing Cast ro (Lafeber, 1986). – they failed to see that the exiles and the supporters were the loud minority while the majority were straddling the fence in a wait-and-see attitude inasmuch as Castro’s government was still at its inception and already seemed to have eben serious about its reforms in distributing the wealth concentrated on the few during the previous regime which was openly supported by the U.S. – the United States could have lost sympathy from the locals since from 1898, they have exerted great influence over Cuba’s internal affairs seemingly to the point of meddling in order to favor American businessees and the invasion was undeniably a US-backed operation – the US did not trust its own invading force, not even telling the Cuban exiles the actual day of the invason. One aganet admitted that, â€Å"I don’t trsut any goddamn Cuban.† (Lafeber, 1986) – aside from being trapped by his own campaign statements, the ongoing co ld war forced Kennedy to take immediate if undecisive action in battling Cuba’s Castro and ultimately the USSR’s Nikita Kruschev for the Western hemisphere – there were tactical errors such as mistaking the coral reefs in the Bay of Pigs for seaweed which ran the exile craft aground and made easy targets – the US underestimated the Castro’s security and defenses.In a historic meeting in 2001 between the antagonists and the protagonists in the invasion which was held in Cuba, it was divulged that â€Å"a vast security network had been established and about 20,000 suspected dissidents were rounded up† which effectively squelched US expectations of a mass rebellion. Moreover, the Cuban air forces’ better planes were camouflaged and the ones that were destroyed by teh pre-d-day strike were decoys. (Dinges, 2001, p. 6).– the CIA strategy is rooted on another assumption that no president, Kennedy included despite his statements again st overt operations, will allow the United States to â€Å"go down in ignominous defeat† and will send in the Marines (as related by Whote House adviser Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. In Dinges, 2001). – There were no CIA broadcasts to announce the invasion (Telzrow, 2006). It would seem highly improbable that the world’s greatest superpower would be defeated by a revolutionary government barely over a year in power. However, that is exactly what Cuba did did under Fidel Castro’s leadership.On April 19, 1961 Cuba was able to repulse an invasion led by 1,400 commandos of Brigade 2506 who arrived at Playa Giron (Giron Beach) from Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) Brigade 2506 was US-backed all the way. The planning and training was done by the CIA. They were armed and supplied by the US. It was not a failure of the men of the invasion force who fought valiantly and refused to be evacuated. Given the circumstances surrounding the invasion, it was a â€Å"perfect fai lure† as it has now been dubbed for the spectacular defeat of the US.Overall, this is mainly due to the arrogance displayed by America and has now been immortalized in the Bay of Pigs. ? References Blight, J. G. & Kornbluh, P. (Eds. ) (1999). Politics of illusion: The Bay of Pigs invasion re-examined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. Dinges, J. (2001, April 23). Back to the Bay of Pigs. The Nation, 272, 6. Ismael, F. L. (1965). The United States as a world leader. The Book of Knowledge, vol. 9, pp. 3206-3224. New York: Grolier Incorporated. Lafeber, W. (1986, April 19). Lest we forget the Bay of Pigs; the unlearned lessons. The Nation, 242, 537-539. Sierra, J. A. (2007).History of Cuba. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://www. historyofcuba. com/cuba/htm. Telzrow, M. E. (2006, August 21). Bay of Pigs betrayal: The batrayal of the Cuba people by the CIA, State Department and staff members of the New York Times ranks as one of the America’s darkest foreign-policy moments. T he New American, 22, 37-39. Welch. R. E. (1985). Response to revolution: The United States and the Cuban revolution, 1959-1961. Chappel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. WIKIPEDIA. 2007. Bay of Pigs invasion. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion.